Introduction
Bioavailability determines how effectively cannabinoids enter the bloodstream — and it’s one of the most important factors driving product performance. From gummies to beverages to topicals, understanding bioavailability helps manufacturers choose the right format and build consistent, effective SKUs.
This guide breaks down the science in clear, actionable terms for formulators and manufacturers.
1. Oral Delivery (Edibles & Capsules)
Absorption: GI tract → liver → bloodstream
Bioavailability: 6–20%
Notes:
- Slower onset
- Longer-lasting effects
- Impacted by meal timing and fat content
2. Sublingual Delivery (Tinctures & Sprays)
Absorption: Mucous membranes → bloodstream
Bioavailability: 12–35%
Notes:
- Faster onset
- Requires clean flavor & mouthfeel
- Viscosity matters
3. Nanoemulsion Delivery (Beverages & Oral Sprays)
Bioavailability: Up to 5x higher
Why:
- Tiny droplet size
- Increased surface area
- Improved miscibility
Nanoemulsions provide the fastest onset and cleanest integration into beverages.
4. Topical Delivery (Creams, Gels, Serums)
Absorption: Localized receptors
Notes:
- Systemic absorption minimal unless designed for transdermal
- Carrier oils dramatically influence absorption
5. Key Factors That Influence Bioavailability
- Droplet size
- Lipid compatibility
- Emulsion stability
- pH and temperature
- Extraction purity
Final Thoughts
Bioavailability affects product performance, customer satisfaction, and retailer feedback. Formulations built with clean, consistent, high-purity cannabinoids perform better across every metric.
