Introduction
Cannabinoids are highly versatile — but only when manufacturers understand how they behave across different delivery systems. Each format influences:
- Bioavailability
- Onset time
- Stability
- Flavor
- Absorption pathways
- Manufacturing requirements
This technical guide breaks down the science behind delivery routes and how to align cannabinoid formats with your product strategy.
1. Oral Delivery (Edibles & Capsules)
Absorption
Absorbed through the GI tract → liver → bloodstream
Bioavailability: 6–20%
Best Cannabinoid Formats
- Distillates
- Isolates
- Crude extract (rare in professional manufacturing)
Manufacturing Considerations
- Flavor masking
- Carrier oil selection
- Accurate homogenization
- aᵥ control for shelf stability
- pH control for baked goods
2. Sublingual (Tinctures & Drops)
Absorption
Absorbed directly into bloodstream through mucous membranes
Bioavailability: 12–35%
Best Formats
- Distillates dissolved in MCT
- THCFREE distillates
- Isolate in MCT or sunflower oil
Considerations
- Avoid high viscosity
- Terpene profile influences flavor
- Droplet size for mouthfeel
3. Nanoemulsified Delivery (Beverages & Sprays)
Absorption
Rapid uptake due to smaller particle size
Bioavailability: 4–5x higher than oil-based
Best Formats
- CBD isolate
- Broad-spectrum water-compatible emulsions
Considerations
- pH stability
- Ingredient transparency
- Emulsifier selection
- Shelf-stability testing
4. Topical (Creams, Balms, Serums)
Absorption
Localized (not systemic unless formulated transdermally)
Best Formats
- Distillates
- Minor cannabinoid blends
- Isolate for THC-free SKUs
Considerations
- Lipid compatibility
- Emulsifier systems
- Preservatives
- Viscosity control
5. Transdermal (Patches & Specialized Topicals)
Absorption
Designed to cross dermal barrier → bloodstream
Best Formats
- Broad-spectrum distillates
- Isolates (purity improves diffusion)
Considerations
- Penetration enhancers
- Patch matrix selection
- Controlled-release mechanisms
Final Thoughts
Understanding delivery system science allows manufacturers to:
- Improve product performance
- Reduce formulation challenges
- Select the right cannabinoid format
- Communicate benefits accurately
- Build stable, repeatable production systems
