Introduction
Decarboxylation (“decarb”) is the heat-driven chemical reaction that converts acidic cannabinoids (CBDA, CBGA, THCA) into their active forms (CBD, CBG, THC).
For manufacturers, precise decarboxylation ensures predictable potency, consistent performance, and safe downstream processing.
🧬 The Chemistry Behind Decarb
Raw hemp contains cannabinoids in their acidic forms:
- CBGA → CBG
- CBDA → CBD
- THCA → THC
Decarboxylation removes a carboxyl group (COOH) releasing CO₂.
This reaction:
- Increases potency
- Enhances bioavailability
- Enables proper extraction
- Prevents microbial growth
🔥 Optimal Decarb Temperatures & Times
| Cannabinoid | Optimal Temp | Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| CBDA → CBD | 110–120°C | 40–60 min | Avoid >130°C |
| CBGA → CBG | 105–115°C | 30–45 min | More heat-sensitive |
| THCA → THC | 120–135°C | 30–60 min | Risk of degradation >145°C |
| Terpenes | <125°C | — | Volatile—may evaporate |
Overheating causes:
- Cannabinoid degradation
- Formation of CBN (from THC)
- Darkened color and off-notes
⚗️ Industrial Decarb SOP
- Preheat convection oven/reactor
- Spread biomass or crude oil thinly
- Use inert atmosphere if possible (nitrogen blanket)
- Track internal mass temperature
- Stir every 15 minutes
- Cool before extraction/refinement
🧠 Analytical Confirmation
Use HPLC to confirm conversion:
- CBD should represent 70–90% of measurable cannabinoids post-decarb.
- CBDA should fall below 1%.
Summary
Precise decarboxylation maximizes cannabinoid yield, improves consistency, and reduces risk during refinement.
Use COA-verified ingredients:
https://lowgravityhemp.com/collections/hemp-derived-ingrediants